Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):
A scientific approach to understanding and improving behavior, emphasizing observable and measurable changes
Antecedent:
Events or stimuli that precede and trigger a behavior, providing context for understanding the behavior
Behavior:
Any observable and measurable action, reaction, or response of an individual
Consequence:
The outcome or response that follows a behavior, influencing the likelihood of the behavior recurring
Reinforcement:
The process of strengthening a behavior by providing a consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again
Punishment:
The process of decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an aversive consequence or removing a positive reinforcer
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA):
A systematic approach to understanding the function or purpose of a behavior, aiding in the development of effective interventions
Token Economy:
A system in which tokens or symbols are used as reinforcement, exchanged for desired rewards or privileges
Prompting:
Providing additional cues or assistance to help an individual perform a desired behavior successfully
Shaping:
The process of gradually reinforcing behaviors that approximate the target behavior, leading to the eventual desired behavior
Chaining:
Breaking down complex behaviors into smaller, manageable steps and teaching each step sequentially
Extinction:
Withholding reinforcement to reduce the occurrence of a behavior, leading to its eventual decrease
Generalization:
The transfer of a learned behavior from one setting or context to another
Task Analysis:
Breaking down a complex skill or behavior into smaller, sequential steps to facilitate teaching and learning
Manding:
Requesting or asking for something, often used in the context of communication training
Reinforcement Schedule:
The pattern or frequency with which reinforcement is delivered, including continuous and intermittent schedules
Discrimination:
The ability to differentiate between different stimuli or situations, responding appropriately to each
Functional Communication Training (FCT):
Teaching alternative, appropriate ways for individuals to communicate their needs and desires
Baseline:
The initial measurement of a behavior before any intervention or treatment is implemented
Preference Assessment:
Identifying and ranking preferred items or activities to use as reinforcers during interventions
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